陈独秀和李大钊为何没有出席中共一大

风刀霜剑

　　出席一大会议的代表共有13人。然而，作为党的主要创始人的陈独秀和李大钊都没有出席这次重要会议。这是为什么呢?
　　1921年党的一大召开时，陈独秀是新文化运动的代表人物，是五四运动的“总司令”，也是上海共产党早期组织的负责人。因此，共产国际代表特意指示要陈独秀本人和广州代表一起出席党的一大。但因陈独秀当时在广东政府任教育委员会委员长，政务缠身，不便离开。于是，他在广州党员会上便提名由陈公博和包惠僧出席一大会议。包惠僧曾回忆说：“有一天，陈独秀召集我们开会，说接到上海李汉俊的来信，信上说第三国际和赤色职工国际派了两个代表到上海，要召开中国共产党的发起会，要陈独秀回上海，请广州支部派两个人出席会议，还寄来了200元路费。陈独秀说第一他不能去，至少现在不能去，因为他兼大学预科校长，正在争取一笔款子修建校舍，他一走开款子的事就不好办了。第二可以派陈公博和包惠僧两个人去出席会议。”陈独秀虽然没有参加会议，但他向大会提出关于组织与政策的4点书面意见，委托陈公博带到了大会。
　　李大钊当时除了担任北京大学图书馆主任、教授外，还兼北京国立大专院校教职员代表联席会议主席，时值学年终结期间，公务繁忙，无法亲自前往上海出席会议。这样，北京早期党组织就开会推举了张国焘和刘仁静去出席一大会议。张国焘回忆说：“上海北京和广州各地同志们互相函商的结果，决定于六月中旬在上海举行中国共产党第一次全国代表大会……根据这个决定，北京支部应派两个代表参加。各地同志都盼望李大钊先生能亲自出席，但他因为正值北大学年终结期间，校务纷繁，不能抽身前往。结果便由我和刘仁静代表北京支部出席大会。”
　　总之，一大代表回忆中所说陈独秀和李大钊未能出席这次会议，都是因职务所在公务繁忙所致。
　　遗憾的是，后人始终未发现两位当事人本人对此事的解释。
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